Mi'kma'ki: Divided into seven districts. Not shown is 'Taqamgug', the eighth district that includes the entire island of. Taqamgug was historically part of Onamag before the 1800s. The Mi'kmaq or Mi'gmaq (also Micmac, L'nu, Mi'kmaw or Mi'gmaw; English:;: ) are a people indigenous to 's and the of as well as the northeastern region of. They call their national territory (or Mi'gma'gi). The nation has a population of about 170,000 (including 18,044 members in the recently formed Qalipu First Nation in Newfoundland ), of whom nearly 11,000 speak, an language.

Once written in, it is now written using most letters of the. The, or Grand Council, was the traditional senior level of government for the Mi'kmaq people until Canada passed the (1876) to require First Nations to establish representative elected governments. After implementation of the Indian Act, the Grand Council took on a more spiritual function. The Grand Council was made up of chiefs of the seven district councils of Mi'kma'ki. On September 26, 2011 the Government of Canada announced the recognition of Canada's newest Mi'kmaq First Nations, the Qalipu First Nations in. The new band, which is landless, had accepted 25,000 applications to become part of the band by October 2012, The number of applications received by the application deadline on November 30, 2012 exceeded 100,000; as of January 2013, the majority of those had not been processed.

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The band extended the deadline to January 31, 2014, and then to February 10, 2014. Its members are recognized as Status Indians, joining other organized and recognized Mi'kmaq bands in southeast Canada. 1866 Pre-contact culture [ ] Archaeologist Dean Snow says that the fairly deep linguistic split between the Mi'kmaq and the Eastern Algonquians to the southwest suggests the Mi'kmaq developed an independent prehistoric sequence in their territory.

It emphasized maritime orientation, as the area had relatively few major river systems. According to ethnologist T. Brasser, as the indigenous people lived in a climate unfavorable for agriculture, small semi-nomadic bands of a few related families subsisted on fishing and hunting. Developed leadership did not extend beyond hunting parties.

Food and hunting [ ] The Mi'kmaq lived in an annual cycle of seasonal movement between living in dispersed interior winter camps and larger coastal communities during the summer. The spawning runs of March began their movement to converge on spawning streams.

They next harvested spawning, gathered waterfowl eggs, and hunted. By May, the seashore offered abundant and shellfish, and coastal breezes brought relief from the biting,, and of the interior. Autumn frost killed the biting insects during the September harvest of spawning. Smaller groups would disperse into the interior where they hunted. The most important animal hunted by the Mi'kmaq was the, which was used in every part: for example, the meat was processed for food, the skin for clothing, tendons and sinew for cordage, and bones for carving and tools. Other animals hunted/trapped included deer, caribou, bear, rabbit, beaver, porcupine and small animals. Bear teeth and claws were used as decoration in regalia.

The women also used porcupine quills to create decorative beadwork on clothing, moccasins, and accessories. The weapon used most for hunting was the. The Mi'kmaq made their bows from maple. They would store lobsters in the ground for later consumption. [ ] They ate fish of all kinds, such as salmon, sturgeon, lobster, squid, shellfish, and eels, as well as seabirds and their eggs.

They hunted marine mammals: porpoises, whales, walrus, and seals. Hunting moose [ ]. This section does not any. Unsourced material may be challenged. ( August 2015) () Throughout the Maritimes, moose was the most important animal to the Mi'kmaq. It was their second main source of meat, clothing and cordage, which were all crucial commodities. They usually hunted moose in groups of 3 to 5 men.

Before the moose hunt, they would starve their dogs for two days to make them fierce in helping to finish off the moose. To kill the moose, they would injure it first, by using a bow and arrow or other weapons. After it was down, they would move in to finish it off with spears and their dogs. The guts would be fed to the dogs. During this whole process, the men would try to direct the moose in the direction of the camp, so that the women would not have to go as far to drag the moose back.